Objective: Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) are common tumor in the urinary system. In the United States alone, 50,000 people are diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and >12,000 die annually. In recent years, studies have found that angiogenesis is a key factor in infiltration and metastasis of malignant happen, and even relapse. The results of competition angiogenesis promoting factor and inhibitory factor are tumor angiogenesis. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) represents a family of pleiotropic growth factors with diverse functions,such as embryonic development, wound healing, immunomodulation, and cancer progression. It play an important role through its receptor mediated. Much of the tumor are likely to show TGF-βexpression and function of abnormal at various stages. The expression of TGF-β1 is the most in the kidney.So to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and its change in patients with RCC has great practical importance.Methods: From september 2007 to december 2008,Randomly selected patients from NO.4 hospital of hebei medical university. The technique of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was used to measure the concentration of TGF-β1 in serum of 42 cases whom without any treatment before operation,21cases after operation four weeks and 13 cases of health control.So as to analyse the correlation between the level of TGF-β1 in serum of RCC with the clinical pathologic characteristics and prognosis.Specimens of tissues were included 46 cases of carcinoma tissues,16 cases of pei-caicinoma tissues,9 cases of normal renal tissues.The tissues were analysed by the methods of Flow Cytometry(FCM) in order to analyse the correlation between their expressions and clinical pathologic features.Result:The expressions of TGF-β1 in serum:(1)The average level of TGF-β1 was 38.63±10.36ng/ml in the serum of preoperative patients with RCC,while the health control’s group is 4.33±1.72ng/ml.The concentration of TGF-β1 in serum of patients with RCC is higher than that in control group significantly.(P0.05).2 expressions of TGF-β1 in tissues:(1) The positive expression rate of TGF-β1 in caicinoma tissues,peri-caicinoma tissues and normal tissues were 63.0%(29/46),87.5%(14/16) and 33.3%(3/9) respectively,the difference between the three groups was significant.Among the three groups there were statistical significance.(P0.05).Conclusions:1 The expressions of TGF-β1 in peripheral serum were significantly higher than that in control group,which decreased after the surgery finishing obviously.This may indicate the higher expressions of TGF-β1 in peripheral serum were 1inked with the occurrence of RCC. TGF-β1 may be a RCC serological markers,By detecting its changing may have valuable assessment for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.2 The expressions of TGF-β1 in peripheral serum changed as clinical stage.It thinks that detected the contents of TGF-β1 in peripheral serum of RCC have important reference value for clinical observation and prognosis. We may observate the levels of TGF-β1 in serum to understand the state of tumor comprehensively and assess the result of surgery correctly.3 The positive expression rate of TGF-β1 in the caicinoma and pei-caicinoma tissues were significantly higher than that in control group. The positive expression rate of TGF-β1 declined along with the increase of pathological grade and clinical stage.It has correlation with oncogenesis, progression and prognosis of RCC to some extent.4 The expressions of TGF-β1 in peripheral serum and tissues has no correlation with age, gender and tumor cell type.5 The methods by using ELISA and FCM to detected the expressions of TGF-β1 in peripheral serum and tissues are simple and practical.This may become a new method for researching RCC.The combinative analysis of TGF-β1 may be more useful to earlier diagnosis,tumor progress and judging prognosis of RCC.