Objective: NF-κB p65 is a multi-tropism of the nuclear transcription factor, can control apoptosis, proliferation-related genes in cancer cells play an important role in the process. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a proto-oncogene C-erB-1 expression product of physiological status on cell growth and differentiation regulate its over-expression with cell proliferation and cancer-related. Our immunohistochemical detection of NF-κBp65 and EGFR in esophageal cancer and non-cancerous tissues, to investigate esophageal cancer in both the occurrence and development of the role and mutual relations.Methods: 1 Case selection: 61 cases of the Department of Surgery, Hebei Province People\'s Hospital in 2006 l month in October 2008 to the surgical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens (the same cases, including cancer tissue, 5cm beyond the normal tissue adjacent to cancer), HE biopsy confirmed to be squamous cancer. one of 19 cases of stageⅠ,Ⅱperiod 26 cases,Ⅲperiod 16 cases; invasive depth divided into two groups, shallow group of 18 cases, tumor depth of invasion at mucosal layer, submucosal layer or muscularis; deep group of 43 cases, tumor-infiltrating depth at the deep muscular layer or outer layer. From 21 cases of lymph node metastasis, surgical dissection of esophageal cancer found in peripheral lymph node metastasis;Without lymph node metastasis were 40 cases of esophageal surrounding lymph nodes metastasis was found. 2 Operation Methods: SP assay NF-κBp65, EGFR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in order to replace the one anti-PBS solution as control, using known positive biopsy as a positive control. 3 Statistical Methods: Statistical Package for spss10.0 test, spearman correlation analysis to test the standard of a = 0.05.Results:1 EGFR-positive localization and expression : EGFR-positive granules are mainly located in cytoplasm of tumor cells, surrounding matrix no positive staining. Carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue and cancer tissue expression of EGFR-positive rates were 20.0% (6 / 30) and 63.9% (39/61), compared to the differences between the two groups has statistical significance (p  0.05). infiltration at less than the outer membrane (Tl, T2) and invasion of the outer membrane or outside the region (T3, T4) of positive rates were 38.89% (7 / 18), 72.09% (31/43), there was a significant difference (P <0.05). no lymph node metastasis group and have positive lymph node metastasis rates were 52.50% (21/40) , 80.95% (17/21), the differences were significant (P <0.05).5 EGFR and NF-κBP65 expression in esophageal cancer Correlation Analysis: EGFR and NF-κBP65 common positive expression for 29 cases, the common expression of 13 cases of negative expression of EGFR-positive but negative for NF-KB p65 were 10 cases, EGFR expression NF-κB-negative but positive in 13 cases, EGFR expression and NF-κB p65 positive correlation between (r = 0.331, P = 0.009).Conclusion :1 EGFR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma showed over-expression with the histological degree of depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, EGFR over-expression probably at the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, invasion, metastasis may play an important role.2 NF-кB p65 protein in esophageal cancer tissues was significantly higher than dysplasia tissues and normal esophageal mucosa, which prompted NF-кB p65 probably related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer; NF-кB p65 the degree of tumor differentiation was no significant correlation; NF-кB p65 have lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of cases without lymph node metastasis group, at the deep invasive group was significantly higher than the shallow infiltration groups shows that NF-кB p65 esophageal cancer may be related to the infiltration, metastasis.3 In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, EGFR expression and NF-κB p65 positive correlation between, suggesting that there may be some between the two control relations, collaboration involved in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and evolution.4 EGFR and NF-κB p65 in esophageal cancer development and metastasis are closely related, suggesting that the expression of the two joint monitoring for progress and prognosis of esophageal cancer to help judge also esophageal cancer gene therapy to provide a new way of thinking.