ObjectiveTo observe the effects of resveratrol on myocardial fibrosis in atherosclerotic rabbits.MethodsSeventy male New Zeland white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, pathological group, low dose of resveratrol intervention group, mid dose of resveratrol intervention group, high dose of resveratrol intervention group. Rabbits in control group was keep on a normal diet for 12 weeks and pathological group, resveratrol intervention groups received the hyperlipemic diet. At the same time , resveratrol were given at the dose of 4mg/kg/d、8mg/kg/d、16mg/kg/d to low, mid, high dose of resveratrol intervention group, while rabbits in control group, pathological group received 10ml 0.5% twain80. The level of blood lipid was measured pre-feeding and after feeding for 12 weeks, at the end of 12th week animals were killed and the left anterior tissues of ventricular was taken to stain by Sirius-Red. The change of collagen fibers in myocardial tissue was observed by microscope and the collagen volume fraction was measured. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2 were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. An immunohistochemical investigation of the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2 were also performed. We used the analysis of variance(ANOVA) or T test of the SSPS software package to analyses the data and the value of p0.05), the expression in pathological group and low dose of resveratrol intervention group are lower than that in control and mid/high dose of resveratrol intervention group(P<0.01); the expression in mid dose of resveratrol intervention group is lower than that in control and high dose of resvratrol intervention group (P<0.01).ConclusionThe research shows that level of blood lipid increased, atherosclerosis, collagen volume fraction increased, myocardial fibrosis and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA and protein increased, the expression of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA and protein decreased in rabbits which fed with hyperlipemic diet 12 weeks. Resvratrol can decrease blood lipid level, lessen atherosclerosis pathological changes, reduce collagen volume fraction and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA and protein, increase the expression of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA and protein, it has some intervention to myocardial fibrosis in atherosclerotic rabbits induced by hyperlipemic diet