Objective:To analyze the risk factors of postoperative arrhymias in esophageal carcinoma and cardiac carcinoma patients. Methods: From Jul.1996 to Jul.2005,106 patients with postoperative arrhythmias and 630 cases after esophagectomy and cardiectomy were studied. Age,pre-operative abnormal ECG,pre-operative complications such as hypertention、 coronary heart disease、 diabetes、 lung diseases,FEV_1/FVC <70%,pre-operative kalemia less than 4.0 mmol/l,the operative style, duration of opration, compared by Logistic Regression analysis. Results: the risk factors of postoperative arrhythmias included pre-operative complications such as hypertention、 coronary heart disease、 lung diseases, FEV_1/FVC<70%、 pre-operative abnormal ECG, pre-operative kalemia less than 4.0 mmol/l. Conclusion: To prevent the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias, acute treatment cardiopulmonary complications, improvement pre-operative cardiopulmonary function, pre- operative quantum satis complementary kalemia.