【Objective】MUC1 is a high molecular weight transmembrane glycoprotein. High levels of MUC1 expression are associated with a poor prognosis of malignant tumor, such as cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, stomach and colon, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, eyelid and oral mucosa. However, little is known about the differences in MUC-1 oncogene expression among normal, benign, and malignant vulvar tissues. it remains unknown whether it plays a role in either an early stage of carcinogesis is or a later stage. To clarify the role of MUC1 in vulvar carcinogenesis through examination of its expression in a spectrum of vulvar lesions ranging from nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar、vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) to vulvar squamouscel carcinomas( VSCC) and to analyze the relationship between MUC1 expression and clinical pathologic features of vulvar squamous carcinomas

Preeclampsia ,a syndrome unique to humans' gestation, remain the majorcause of maternal and perinatal morbility and mortality. Preeclampsia is clearlya complex clinical syndrome potentially all of organ systems.Pathogenesis ofpreeclampsia that is still unclear contains several theories including superficialimplantation.Temporo-spatial regulation of trophoblast invasion is the outcome of abalanced interplay between the proteases and their cognate inhibitors.Preeclampsia develops following not all the trophoblast reaching myometriallevel , then failing to remold the spiral ateries, if the imbalance between up anddown regulating invision is broken. Growth factors composing a network withother substances play a critical role during trophoblast invision,TGF-beta1 and CTGF , belonging to TGF family and CNN familyrespectively and locating in trophoblast,decidual cells and epithelial cells,involve in regulating ECM remodeling ,decudualisation ,and proliferation anddefferentiation of trophoblast .Besides ,they have angiogenic activity related toplacental angiogenesis during placenta development. In recent years ,researchershave noted that TGF-beta1 can inhibit trophoblast invision,through stimulatingECM synthesis,prohibiting ECM degradation, and forbiting proliferation anddifferentiation of trophoblasts for the reason of avoiding overinvision . CTGFcan also inhibit ECM degradation and increase the number ofsyneytiotrophoblast which is disable to invade ,so invision of trophoblasts isinsufficient. CTGF gene transcription is regulated by TGF-beta1 in someconditions, but regulated in TGF-beta1 dependent and independent ways ingestation.The results on the expression of TGF-beta1 are disparity in recentstudy,and there is no study focus on the expression of CTGF in placenta ofpreeclampsia,let alone their relationship. Thus , the expression of TGF-beta1and CTGF would be tested in placeta of preeclampsia and normal pregnancy inthis study, in order to observe the location and intensity of TGF-beta1 and CTGF,and their relationship.So ,immunohistochemistry (SABC) was used to determine the distributionand intensity of TGF-beta1 and CTGF staining in placentas of 36 cases ofpreeclampsia patients (16 and 20 mild and severe cases respectively) and 14cases of non-complication pregnancies at term . TGF-beta1 was found mainly introphoblasts , sometimes in decidual cells, occasionally in vascular endothelialcells and matrix. The expression of TGF-beta1 and CTGF in placentaltrophoblasts was significantly increased in preeclampsia compared with thenormal group ( Ρ <0.01) .In the preeclampsia group ,the expression ofTGF-beta1 and CTGF from mild group to severe group were elevatedsignificantly(Ρ<0.05) .The expression was increased with the progress ofpreeclampsia. TGF-beta1 and CTGF mRNA expression in placenta was detectedby RT-PCR from 6 cases of normal pregnancies at term and 12 cases ofpreecalampsia patients(six case in mild and severe group respectively).The expression level of TGF-beta1 and CTGF mRNA in preeclampsia wassignificantly higher than that in control group(Ρ<0.01). The expression wasalso increased with the progress of preeclampsia. TGF-beta1 and CTGF wereshown positive correlation in preeclampsia(Ρ<0.05) .The following conclusions include (1): The elevated expression ofTGF-beta1 and CTGF leads to insufficient trophoblasts infiltration and might beone of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. and one of the reasons topathophysical changes in utero-placental unite of preeclampsia. (2): Theelevated level of TGF-beta1 and CTGF is related with severity ofpreeclampsia.(3):CTGF might have TGF-beta1 independent and dependentmechanism in preeclampsia.

Reproduction abnormality includes the loss of pregnant fetus,infertility and sterility,the birth of defected infants,and so on.Chromosomal abnormality is the one of the important reasons,at thesame time we noticed the effect of chromosomal polymorphism onreproduction abnormality. Chromosomal polymorphism is defined asall kinds of micro variation of chromotosome which reside in thenomal group generally. It shows the difference of the structure andstriation magnitde of homologous chromosome,and mainly includesthe lengthening or absence of the SC region of chromosome 1 9 16,the pericentric inversion of chromosome 9,the longitudinal variationof the short arm of chromosome D/G group and the long arm ofchromosome Y. It refers to the constitutive heterochromatin which isnot athletic in inheritance,contains reduplicative DNA sequence,andhas no transcriptive activity,so chromosomal polymorphism will notresult in severe influence upon corpuscular phaenotype commonly.But with the improvement of the chromosome banding technique,more and more data indicated that chromosomal polymorphism wasassociated with reproduction abnormality , cancer and mentalretardation.Aim:This article took on the detection rate of chromosomalpolymorphism among reproduction abnormality pations as theprimary cause to study the relationship between chromosomalpolymorphism and reproduction abnormality.Data and method:There were 229 couples with reproductionabnormality was screened in the patients who visited the first hospitaland fundamental medical college of Jilin university to docytogenetical examination during Jan,2004～Jan,2006. The clinicalfeature of screen was negative reproductive histories(includingabortion,abnormal embryo,dead embryo,still birth,neonatal death,and to give birth of deformans infants,dysgnosia infants,abnormalchromosome infants,premature infant and so on),and infertility andsterility (pregnancy does not result after 2 years of cohabitationwithout contraceptive). The peripheral blood lymphocyte cultivating,chromatosome specimen preparing by routine method and karyotypeanalysis after G banding were applied to the screened couples. theresults were analyzed after statistical treatment. 1.the detection rate ofchromosomal polymorphism and the constituent ratio of sex;2.thedetection rates and the constituent ratios of every kind ofchromosomal polymorphism;3.the detection rates and the constituentratios of chromosomal polymorphism in every kind of reproductionabnormality couples;4.the relationship between the stage of pregnantfetus loss and the detection rate of chromosomal polymorphism;5.therelationship between the times of negative reproduction and thedetection rate of chromosomal polymorphism.Result:1.There were 10.7%(49/458)cases with chromosomalpolymorphism in the 229 couples(458 cases)with reproductionabnormality,and 2.6% people with chromosomal polymorphism incommom people,there was significant difference between two groups(P0.05). 5. There were 10.9%(33/302)cases with chromosomalpolymorphism in the couples with negative reproductive histories. 8.1%(10/124) cases with chromosomal polymorphism were defected,whose negative reproduction occoured for one time;8.3%(10/120)cases were defected,whose negative reproduction occoured for twotimes;21.1 %( 8/38 ) cases were defected , whose negativereproduction occoured for three times;25%(5/20)cases weredefected,whose negative reproduction occoured for more than threetimes. With the time of negative reproduction increasing,the detectionrates of chromosomal polymorphism increased. The groups whosenegative reproduction occoured for three times and more than threetimes and the groups whose negative reproduction occoured for onetime and two times were compared respectively,there were significantdifference between their detection rates of chromosomalpolymorphism (P0.05).Discussion:1. The detection rate of chromosomal polymorphismof the couples with reproduction abnormality was higher than theincidence rate of common group,there was significant differencebetween them. It prompted there was relationship betweenchromosomal polymorphism and reproduction abnormality. The malefemale ratio was great disparity,the posible reasons were the variantof chromosome Y can be found in male only or it was the result ofsystemic and random error. 2. The detection rates of chromosomalpolymorphism in every kind of couples with reproduction abnormalitywere higher than the incidence rate of common group,there wasstatistical significance between them. It indicated the relativity ofchromosomal polymorphism and reproduction abnormality ulteriorly.3.The detection rate of chromosomal polymorphism of the groupwhose gestational fetus were lost during the first trimester was higherthan the groups whose loss occurred during the mid and trimester,there was significant difference between them. it revealedchromosomal polymorphism correlates with the loss of pregnant fetusevidently , and it effected on the commitment of embryonicdevelopment mostly. 4.The detection rates of chromosomalpolymorphism of the groups whose negative reproduction occouredfor three times and more than three times are higher than the groupswhose negative reproduction occoured for one time and two times,there was statistical significance. With the time of negativereproduction increasing , the detection rates of chromosomalpolymorphism of the couples with negative reproduction increased.The result showed the relationship of them were horizontal. 5.Studysindicated that heterochromatin abnormality may influence the pairing,synapsis and disjunction of germocyte chromosome during maiosis,effect on the formation of gamete,induce reproduction abnormalitysuch as the loss of pregnant fetus,infertility and sterility,the birth ofdefected infants,and so on at last. By the control of gene expression, itcan influence cytodifferentiation. It can also make caryocinesia errorby dosage effect,and leads to embryonic developmental anomaly.Even more it can make some genes related with generation silencebecause of PEV,and bring all kinds of reproduction abnormality.Conclusion:1.The detection rate of chromosomal polymorphismof the couples with reproduction abnormality was higher than theincidence rate of common group,and the same to the groups of theloss of pregnant fetus,infertility and sterility,and the birth of defectedinfants. The result showed there was relationship betweenchromosomal polymorphism and reproduction abnormality. 2.With thegestational age prolonging, the detection rates of chromosomalpolymorphism of the couples whose gestational fetus were lostdegraded. It indicated chromosomal polymorphism correlated with theloss of pregnant fetus evidently,and it effected on the commitment ofembryonic development mostly. 3.With the time of negativereproduction increasing , the detection rates of chromosomalpolymorphism of the couples with negative reproductionincreased. It revealed the relationship of them were horizontal.

  Granulosa cell tumors are serious ovarian neoplasms that can occur in women of all ages. While there have been numerous attempts to under -stand the cause of these malignancies, the pathogenesis of granulosa cell tumors still re- mains largely unknown. So it is necessary to search for relative factors in order to diagnose and treat the disease when it is in early stage and give effective therapeutic methods.Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a novel vascular endocritic hormone.Which was discovered by Japanese scholar Kitamura in 1993. It has stronger function of vascular dilatation and depressurization, ADM is a pluripotent hormone with structural similarities to calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), which is expressed by many tissues in the body and shows a remarkable range of effects mediate by paracrine/autocrine and possibly endocrine mechanisms. ADM has been implicated as a mediator of several pathologies such as cardiovascular and renal disorders, sepsis, inflammation, diabetes and cancer, among others. which is found in a variety of tumor cell lines or malignant tissues and can enh ance the growth of tumor cells by several ways.①It has the proliferative capabilities in a wide variety of cancer cells. Many studies show ADM stimulates growth in several cancer types. ADM has been shown to induce cAMP production in tumor cells, so it may function as a growth regulator in tumor proliferation. The neutralizing monoclonal antibody to ADM inhibited tumor cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that ADM is a novel mitogenic regulatory peptide.②ADM is an apoptosis

  Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of fascin expression in gastric carcinoma.  Methods: Detect the expression of fascin in 76 tissues of gastric carcinoma, their own normal gastric tissues in contrast, and also the lymph nodes involved by gastric carcinoma in 53 cases thereinto with immunohistochemical stain. We also detected the expression of nm23 and C-erbB-2 in the tissues of gastric carcinoma.  Result: There is no expression of fascin in normal gastric tissues. Fascin proteins are positive in 24 cases of the 76 gastric carcinoma, and they correlate with pathological style (WHO classification and Lauren’s typing)、TNM staging、serosal invasion、lymphatic metastasis、distant metastasis、the expression of nm23 and C-erbB-2, and so on. They don’t correlate with age、gender、histodifferentiation、cancer embolus in vessel and so on. The expressions of fascin in primary masses and their metastatic lymph nodes are consistent, in the cases with metastasis.  Conclusion: The expression of fascin is positive in the

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is adisease with high incidence,and it has become a research hotspot inall the field in medicine。The objective of this study is to observe thechanges of the blood pressure and plasma 5-hytroxytryptamine(5-HT) in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) patients. Part I:Method:The detection of whole-night polysomnography isperformed in 73 OSAHS patients including the outpatients and theinpatients of the first hospital,Jilin University, the measurement ofblood pressure before and after sleep is done simultaneity. Beforesleep the height,the weight,the neck circumference and the bodymass index are also be measured. Make clear and register thehistory of hypertension and the effect of pharmacologic treatment inOSAHS patients with hypertension. Divide the patients into 3groups(mild,moderate ,severe) according to the result of PSGexamination compared with the OSAHS diagnose standardconstituted by the Chinese medical association. Analyzed the datastatistically.Result:There are 76.923% of patients with hypertension inmild OSAHS group,71.428% of patients in moderate OSAHSgroup and 84.783% in wild OSAHS group. There are 60 OSAHSpatients with hypertension while 47 patients with hypertensionhistory. In the 47 cases,pharmacologic therapy has processed in 40cases,but satisfied effect can be seen in only 13 cases(32.5%).Pharmacologic therapy alone does not work on the increased bloodpressure in most of the OSAHS cases with hypertension(67.5%).No difference is found between the blood pressure before and aftersleep in mild OSAHS group(P>0.05),in moderate and severeOSAHS group the blood pressure after sleep is significantly higherthan it before sleep(P<0.05). The elevation of blood pressureincreases with AHI,the neck circumference and BMI.Discussion:Many epidemiology research suggests that the morbidity ofhypertension in OSAHS patients is higher than it in normalsubjects,and the result of our study is accordant. It is proved in ourstudy that it has a close relationship between OSAHS andhypertension,and OSAHS is a risk factor of hypertension. There isno difference between the blood pressure before and after sleep inthe mild OSAHS group,while the blood pressure after sleep issignificant higher than it before sleep(P<0.05),which indicate thatthe severity of OSAHS and the hypoxemia may involve in theoccurring of hypertension in OSAHS patients. It is also observedthat the elevation of blood pressure increases with AHI,the neckcircumference and BMI,which reflect the degree of obesity. Manyfactors involve in the hypertension in OSAHS patients,includingthe increased activity of sympathetic nerve system caused byhypoxemia and hypercapnia , sleep fragment , the damage inendothelium,the abnormity in vessel and body fluid,the abnormityin chemical and pressure reflection,obesity and descendiblity,et al.Pharmacologic therapy alone does not work on the increased bloodpressure in most of the OSAHS cases with hypertension(67.5%). Itis indicated that many pathophysiological changes are involved inthe etiopathogenisis and the development of hypertension inOSAHS patients. It is proved that long-term n-CPAP therapy isnecessary,and it is the most effective treatment. In the diagnosis ofhypertension,especially for the intractable hypertension,OSAHSmay be the etiopathogenisis or the accompanied disease. We shouldthink highly of the existence of the hypertension in OSAHS patient.For these patients,especially for the patients with obesity andsnoring,the PSG examination should be done in time. N-CPAPtherapy should be preformed in the hypertension patients withOSAHS,it can adjust the sleep disorder,amend the hypoxemia. It isimportant to control the blood pressure in hypertension patients withOSAHS.Part II:Methods:5-HT concentrations in the plasma from 10 normal cases and73 cases of OSAHS who diagnose by PSG examination aredetermined by radioimmunoassay. Analyzed the data statistically.Results:5-HT concentrations in the mild, moderate and severe OSAHSpatients increased significally compare with normal adults(P<0.05).There were significant differences among mild, moderate and severeOSAHS groups(P<0.05).Discussion:5-HT concentrations in the OSAHS patients increasedsignifically compare with normal adults. The elevation degree of5-HT concentration in OSAHS patient correlate with the severity ofOSAHS. The plastocyte activation and the increased 5-HT releasewhich caused by the raised sympathetic activity may be thereasons. 5-HT in plasma promotes the development of OSAHS bywide-distributed 5-HT receptor. It forms a vicious circle,resulting inincreasing the 5-HT concentration to a high level and aggravatingthe OSAHS ceaselessly. Because plasma 5-HT concentrationcorrelate with the severity of OSAHS,it can be used to be aassistant target to evaluate the state of OSAHS.

PurposeIt was various that the literature of relating pharmacological action ofginger extraction already in recent years. But papers of the ginger extraction onthe blood system function effect have not been reported. We studied protectiveeffect of ginger extraction on radiation damage of hematogenic system in thisexperiment. Purpose of this experiment was to observe ginger extractionprotective effect on radiation damage of Hematogenic System and to producteconomical and effective medicine and provide the experiment gist.Methods1、Radiated animal:Both normal mice and given ginger extraction mice[4.7ml·kg-1] were radiated by 2Gy X radiation, once every other day, sum uptwo times, weight and kill animals 3d、7d、14d of after last time radiation.2、Index of mensuration:2.1 Spleen index: spleen weight/body weight;2.2 Periphery blood:WBC、RBC;2.3 DNA index of marrow: ultraviolet spectrophotometric method;2.4 Activity of hemopoiesis stromal cell (CFU-F); 2.5 BMN2.6 Vigor of hemopoietic stem cell (CFU-S);2.7 Cell cycle and programmed cell death:flow cytometry. Results1、Spleen index:Spleen index of the given ginger group and the radiation group mice wereless than the normal group on 3d、7d after radiation. The given ginger group andthe radiation group male mice were not obvious difference on 3d 、7d afterradiation. There were difference obviously both the radiation group and thegiven ginger group to compared with the normal group after 14d. The givenginger group and the radiation group of the female mice were not obviousdifference at 3d after radiation. Spleen index of the radiation group augmentedon 7d after radiation,the given ginger group and the radiation group were morethan the normal group on 14d .2、Periphery bloodWBC、RBC counts of periphery blood reduce markedly after the radiation.WBC reduces quickly,it was least on 3d after the radiation and still has notrestored to the normal level on the 14d. The drop scope of RBC was smaller andrestored to the normal level on the 7d. WBC of the given ginger group and theradiation group of male mice has obvious difference on the 14d, the givenginger group and the radiation group of female mice has the obvious differenceon the 7d, 14d. RBC counts of the given ginger group of the female mice andthe male mice were higher obvious than the radiation group.3、 DNA index of marrowDNA index of marrow of the given ginger group and the radiation groupof male mice reduce clearly on the 3d after radiation. But the given ginger groupwas higher obviously than the radiation group. The given ginger group, theradiation group and the normal group have not distinction on the 7d, but thegiven ginger group was higher than the radiation group. There were difference atDNA index of marrow of the given ginger group and the radiation group tocompare with normal group on the 14d. The given ginger group and theradiation group have not obviously difference.DNA index of marrow of the given ginger group and the radiation groupof female mice were less than the normal group on the 3d after radiation,but ithave not obvious difference between the given ginger group and the radiationgroup. The given ginger group and the radiation group were higher than thenormal group. It has not difference between the given ginger group and theradiation group. The given ginger group and the radiation group were higherthan normal group on the 14d.4、Numbers of hematopoictic stromal cellThe given ginger group and the radiation group of the male mice weredepressed obviously on the 3d after radiation,the given ginger group was higherthan the radiation group, the given ginger group was less than the normal group.It has obvious difference that the radiation group and the given ginger group onthe 7d. The given ginger group and the radiation group were higher than thenormal group on the 14d,the given ginger group higher than the radiation group.The given ginger group and the normal group of the female mice have notobvious difference,the radiation group was less than the normal group, thegiven ginger group was higher than the radiation group on the 3d, the givenginger group was higher than the radiation group and the normal group, theradiation group was less than the normal group,there were obvious differenceon the 7d. The given ginger group and the radiation group were higher than thenormal group,the radiation group was higher than the given ginger group on the14d.5、BMNBMN of the given ginger group and the radiation group of the male micereduce to the normal group on the 3d after radiation,the given ginger group washigher than the radiation group. The given ginger group and the radiation groupwere less than the normal group,the given ginger group and the radiation grouphave not obvious difference on the 7d. The every group have not obviousdifference on the 14d.BMN of the given ginger group and radiation group of the female micewere less than normal group on the 3d 、7d after radiation. The given gingergroup and the normal group have not obvious difference. The every group haveobvious difference on the 14d.6、Vigor determine of hemopoietic stem cellThe any group of male and female mice have not obvious difference onthe 3d、14d. The given ginger group and the radiation group were higher thanthe normal group,the given ginger group was higher than the radiation group.7、Cell cycle and programmed cell deathThe G0/G1 of the given ginger group of the male and female mice on the 7d afterradiation increased obvious to compare with the normal group and the radiation group. Ithas not obvious difference between the radiation group and the normal group. G2 M of thegiven ginger group and the radiation group were less than the normal group. The givenginger group of the female mice was decreased to the radiation group .S phase of the givenginger group of the male mice was less than the normal group and the radiation group. Theradiation group and the normal group have not obvious difference,the given ginger groupof the female mice was less than normal group , the radiation group was higher than thenormal group and the given ginger group. Ap of the given ginger group of male mice andthe normal group has not obvious difference. the radiation group was higher than the normalgroup and the given ginger group. Ap of the given ginger group of the female mice, theradiation group and the normal group has not obvious difference. The given ginger groupdecreased to the radiation group.ConclusionThis experiment showed ginger extraction to have the protection functionon radiates harm. BMN, DNA coefficient and CFU-F of the radiated miceobviously increase after treat with ginger extraction on the 3 day. RBC, DNAcoefficient, CFU-S and CFU-F of the given ginger mice enhanced to comparedwith the radiation group on the 7 day. Cell period blocked in the G0/G1, theapoptosis of marrow cell is lower than the normal group. Instauration speed ofthe blood item was higher obviously than the radiation group on the 14 day.The ginger extraction could decrease the quantity of the apoptosis cell andrepair the harm of the marrow cell because of the radiation. We consider theginger extraction to have a certain protection function for radiation hurt of theblood system. Therefore, it can be a medicine to prevention and treatment forradiate harm.

Objective: To investigate antibiotic resistance and distribution ofPanton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) of Staphylococcus aureus isolatesrecovered in Changchun hospitials between June in 2005 and January in2006;methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wereidentified and characterized using SCCmec typing. Methods: Antibioticresistance was studied by agar dilution method and antibiotic paperdiffusion method (K-B). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) wasused to type the chromosome DNA of MRSA strains. SCCmec typing(I-V) of all clinical isolates of MRSA was performed by novel multiplexPCR assay. Results: The resistant rate of Penicillin G, Clindamycin andTetracycline were 96.4%, 55.4%, 51.8% in SA. The sensitivity rate ofTrimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Rifampin were97.6%、91.6% and 90.4% in SA. 100% MRSA strains were susceptibleto glycopeptides such as vancomycin and teicoplanin. The majority(58%) of the strains were resistant to erythromycin, Gentamicin,Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin,Clindamycin, Rifampin. The PVL genes were not found in MRSA.majority of the isolates (75%) had SCCmec type III. Conclusions: Thisstudy has demonstrated that MRSA isolates recovered in Changchunhospitials between June 2005 and January 2006 in Jilin province wereHA-MRSA.

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor(IOIP),is oneof the most common diseases in the orbit.This disease wasreported by Birch – Hirchfield first in 1905.Its clinical andimaging picture changes from patient to patient.ClinicallyIOIP can be divided into acute,subacute,and chronic form,showing both inflammatory and tumor-like features . Itsdiagnosis and therapy is very difficult.25 cases(26eyes)of IOIP were reviewed with specialattention to the therapeutic evaluation,to summarize clinicaland imaging features and the comparison of surgicalmanagement with corticosteroids therapy,thus to improve thediagnostic threshold of this disease.Altogether 18 cases weremales,and 7 cases females.It occurs in individuals 10~68years of age(mean age, 47.9 years).There were child patient1 case,young patient 9 cases(10eyes),middle-aged patient10cases,older patient 5 case. the course of disease rangedform 20day to-3years.Data showed that 3 of 25 IOIP casessuffered from sinusitis,1 cases suffered from rhinallergosis,1 case suffered from diabetes and exposure keratitis,and 1case suffered from rheumatoid arthriti,pulmonary tuberculosisand genyantritis.Clinical diagnosis of the 9 patients depends on the presentclinical signs and imaging checks while to exclude otherfactors,of 16 patients which preoperative disgnosis wereintraorbital tumors by histopathology. There were 9 patientsunderwent systemtic corticosteroids treatment and 16 patientsunderwent acombined surgical management and corticosteroidThe present clinical signs : Protosis(64%), palpablemass(56%),and ocular motility restriction(40%) were the mostcommon presenting signs.The basic pathology of IOIP wasthat there was a polymorphous infiltrate composed of maturelymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophis, macrophages,andpolymorphonuclear leukocytes,with are active dense fibrosisand capillary proliferation in the orbital soft tissues.Thedistribution of histopathological subtypes:of the 16 patientwhich were available on pathological reexamination,9 caseswere diffuse infuse infilteative subtype,1 fibrotic subtype,6mixed subtype,B-ultrasonography showed a tumor with lowreflection and strong sound transmission indiffuse lymphocyticinfiltrative pseudotumor.A tumor with fibroproliferative lesionhad low reflectionweak sound transmission and irregularborder.According to CT findings,intraorbital inflammatorypseudotumors can be divided into four types , includingacrimalglanditis,myositis,inflammatory mass,diffuse type. Thecomparison of the therapy effect of various treatments.Allpatient underwent either systemtic corticosteroids treatment oracombined surgical management and corticosteroids with afollow-up time of an average1.5 years.The results of therapyshowed that the cure rates of combined surgical managementand corticosteroids were 56.3%, The cure rates of cortic-osteroids systemtic were 33.3%.The total success rate was48%.The recurrent rate of corticosteroids systemtic were22.2%, of combined surgical management and corticosteroidswere 6.25%.The total recurrent was 12%.According to these case, we can conclude:Proptosis,palpable mass,swollen eyelid, and motility restriction were themost common presenting signs of IOIP.Using various imagingexaminations are valuable for the diagnosis , differentialdiagnosis,the evaluation of histopathology types.Surgicalexcision with corticosteroid is an effective treatment option ofIOIP,but orbital myositis responds well to corticosteroids.

The predominant recent literature on the combined spinal-epidural technique involves its use in obstetrics. A 2004 UK surveyshowed that the use of the combined spinal-epidural technique isincreasing. This is because combined spinal-epidural provides fasteronset of analgesia and good muscle relaxation and increases maternalsatisfaction. Meanwhile, epidural catheter could prolong the time ofintrathecal local anesthetic action and use in postoperation analgesia.Ropivacaine is a new long-acting local anaesthetic with a chemicalformula similar to that of other amino amides in clinical use. In vitrostudies have demonstrated that ropivacaine is a potent blocker of Aand C fibres. It has been reported to be less toxic than that ofbupivacaine. It's a satisfactory local anesthetic for obstetric anesthesia.We observed that 0.75% ropivacaine 2ml injecting into intrathecalspace with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was how to changehemodynamics and stress responses for caesarean section. We assayedfetal blood gas values. Combined spinal-epidural compared withtraditional epidural have advantages and drawbacks. 30 women physical ASAⅠ-Ⅱwere assigned randomly into twogroups: Group CSEA (combined spinal-epidural anesthesia) andGroup CEA (continuous epidural anesthesia). MAP, HR and SPO2were measured before anesthesia, skin incision, obtaining fetal and atthe end of the surgery respectively. Sensory block was measured withpinprick and time of obtaining T12, T10, T8 were recorded. And werecorded highest anesthetic level. Pain scores were evaluated bypatients. Blood sugar and corticosteroid were measured beforeanesthesia, skin incision and obtaining fetal. After obtaining fetal,umbilical vein blood was sampled from neonate and assayed for bloodgas. If hypotension occurred (≥30% baseline value), we recordedincidence of the hypotension and rescued with ephedrine10-15mg. Inthe operation, we observed patient side effects of drugs such asnausea, vomiting, post anesthesia headache and hypotension. All datawere showed with x ±S and analyzed using the t test, chi-square,level of significance P<0.05. Results: there was no difference at age,height and weight between two groups. The incidence of hypotensionin Group CSEA was higher than that in Group CEA. Time ofobtaining T12, T10, T8 in Group CSEA were shorter than that inGroup CEA (P<0.05), There was markedly difference between twogroups. In the other aspects of relieving pain,Group CSEA wassuperior to Group CEA. There was no difference in blood sugarbetween two groups. But corticosteroid had markedly change. It issuggested that combined spinal-epidural with 0.75% ropivacaineprovides a safer and faster onset of analgesia method.Conclusion: previous studies demonstrated that parturient is moresensitivity than not-parturient for local anesthetic, especiallybupivacaine. But it is found that ropivacaine hasn't increased cardiactoxic. Cardiac toxic of ropivacaine is lower than bupivacaine. Someliterature demonstrated that ropivacaine is fewer never damage inclinic concentration and dosage. So, ropivacaine is safer anestheticthan bupivacaine in obstetrics anesthesia. But onset time of epiduralanesthesia is slow. It is due to epidural block mechanism. Mechanismhas three. Firstly, it has effect through paravertebral block. Secondly, itblocks spinal cord through arachnoids pile in roots. Lately, it diffusesinto subarachnoid space through epidural membrane. It is showed thatcombined spinal-epidural is better than sole epidural anesthesia.In a word, using combined spinal-epidural technique isincreasing. It uses little local anesthetic and has slight hemodynamicschanges. Meanwhile, it has lower incidence for post anesthesiaheadache. Hypotension in operation which is rescued withephedrine10mg-15mg hasn't bad affection for neonate. Combinedspinal-epidural and sole epidural act on nerves or spinal column whichlocalized in operation area. It greatly reduces stress responses withoperation damage. In the article, index of stress responses such bloodsugar hasn't significant increment, but corticosteroid has significantchange in the group CSEA.Summary: 0.75% ropivacaine2 ml with combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia is better method undergoing caesarean section which onsettime is shorter .It has equilibrium hemodynamics using ephedrine andrapid injecting fluid. It hasn't bad affection on neonate .It is suggestedthat combined spinal-epidural anesthesia is a safe method forcaesarean section. The technique can be used widespread in clinicprocedure.